Correlation between Derived Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio and D-Dimer in COVID-19 Patients
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24293/ijcpml.v28i2.1761Keywords:
d-NLR, D-dimer, COVID-19Abstract
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Several studies suggest that the Derived Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio (d-NLR) and d-dimer are markers of inflammation in various diseases and can be used to monitor prognosis and mortality. This study was conducted to find the correlation between Derived Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio (d-NLR) and d-dimer in COVID-19 patients. This is expected to be markers of inflammation and a predictor for patients which has clinical deterioration so that the risk of death can be avoided. This study used a retrospective observational method with a cross sectional approach at Dr. Kariadi Semarang, using secondary data involving confirmed COVID-19 respondents during the period March - August 2020. The Spearman test was conducted to analyze data, significant if p <0.05. Thirty three respondents confirmed COVID 19 with median value of d-NLR 6,14 (3,55-15,67) and median value of d-dimer 7110 (2460-21770) mg/L were tested for correlation by the Spearman correlation test with value of p= 0,046; and r= 0,350. In COVID-19, there is an increase in d-NLR and d-dimer levels which are known as markers of a systemic inflammatory response. The increase in levels is related to the severity of the COVID-19 disease. There was a highly significant positive correlation between d-NLR and d-dimer in COVID-19 patientsDownloads
References
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Pedoman Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19). Revisi ke-5. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan RI; 2020
Yang A-P, Liu J-P, Tao W-Q, Li H-M. International Immunopharmacology 2020.84;106504
Yao Y, Cao J, Wang Q, Shi Q, Liu K, Luo Z, et al. D-dimer as a biomarker for disease severity and mortality in COVID-19 patients: a case control study: Journal of Intensive Care. 2020;8:49
Hussain A, Kaler J, Tabrez E, Tabrez S, Tabrez Shams. Novel COVID-19 : A Comprehensive Review of Transmission, Manifestation, and Pathogenesis. Cureus. 2020;12(5): 1-14
Esklizmir G, Uz U, Onur E, Ozyurt B, Cikrikci GK, Sahin N, et al. The evaluation of pretreatment neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and derived neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in patienits with laryngeal neoplasms. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2019;85(5):578-587
Greenberg CS, The Role of D-dimer Testing in Clinical Hematology and Oncology, Clinical Advances in Hematology & Oncology. 2017;15:580-583
Zhang L, Yan X, Fab Q, Liu H, Liu X, Liu Z, et al. D-dimer levels on admission to predict in-hospital mortality in patients with Covid-19, J Thromb Haemost. 2020;18:1324–1329
Guan W, Ni Z, Hu Y, Liang W, Ou C, He J, Liu L, Shan H, Lei C, Hui DSC et al: Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China. NEW ENGL J MED 2020. Journal Pre-proof Journal Pre-proof
Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, Zhang L, Fan G, Xu J, Gu X et al: Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. The Lancet 2020, 395(10223):497 -506.
Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, Qu J, Gong F, Han Y, Qiu Y, Wang J, Liu Y, Wei Y et al: Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. The Lancet 2020, 395(10223):507 -513.
Fan BE, Chong V, Chan S, Lim GH, Lim K, Tan GB, Mucheli SS, Kuperan P, Ong KH: Hematologic parameters in patients with COVID -19 infection. AM J HEMATOL 2020.)
Russell CD, Parajuli A, Gale HJ, Bulteel NS, Schuetz P, de Jager C, Loonen A, Merekoulias GI, Baillie JK: The utility of peripheral blood leucocyte ratios as biomarkers in infectious diseases: A systematic review and meta -analysis. J Infect 2019, 78(5):339 -348..
Huguet E, Maccallini G, Pardini P, Hidalgo M, Obregon S, Botto F, Koretzky M, Nilsson PM, Ferdinand K, Kotliar C: Reference Values for Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), a Biomarker of Cardiovascular Risk, According to Age and Sex in a Latin American Population. Curr Probl Cardiol 2019:100422
Park JS, Seo KW, Choi BJ, Choi SY, Yoon MH, Hwang GS, Tahk SJ, Shin JH: Importance of prognostic value of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in patients with ST -elevation myocardial infarction. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018, 97(48):e13471
Mei Z, Shi L, Wang B, Yang J, Xiao Z, Du P, Wang Q, Yang W: Prognostic role of pretreatment blood neutrophil -to -lymphocyte ratio in advanced cancer survivors: A systematic review and meta -analysis of 66 cohort studies. CANCER TREAT REV 2017, 58:1 -13 .
Santos -Gallego CG, Badimon JJ: The sum of two evils: pneumonia and myocardial infarction: is platelet activation the missing link? J AM COLL CARDIOL 2014, 64(18):1926 -1928
Zhang Y, Xiao M, Zhang S, Xia P, Cao W, Jiang W, Chen H, Ding X, Zhao H, Journal Pre-proof Zhang H et al: Coagulopathy and Antiphospholipid Antibodies in Patients with Covid-19. NEW ENGL J MED 2020, 382(17):e38
Fu J, Kong J, Wang W, Wu M, Yao L, Wang Z, et al. Journal Pre-proof Fu J, et al. The clinical implication of dynamic neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and D-dimer in COVID-19: A retrospective study in Suzhou China, Elsevier Thrombosis Research (2020)
Soeroto AY, Santoso P, Pranggono EH, Kulsum ID, Pitoyo CW, Tenda ED, et al. REVIEW ARTICLE KHUSUS KOMPENDIUM DIAGNOSTIK DAN PENGOBATAN COVID-19 ( INTERIM ) Perhimpunan Respirologi Indonesia ( PERPARI ). 2020;7(1):17–49.
Tang N, Li D, Wang X, Sun Z. Abnormal coagulation parameters are associated with poor prognosis in patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia. J Thromb Haemost. 2020;18(4):844–7
Downloads
Submitted
Accepted
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
