Genetic Diversity of Plasmodium falciparum Glutamate Rich Protein in Patients Attending the Merauke Hospital in Papua Province, Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24293/ijcpml.v27i2.1662Keywords:
Plasmodium falciparum, Pfglurp, genotyping, polymerase chain reactionAbstract
Malaria remains an important health problem in Indonesia with the highest transmission in Papua Province, an eastern part of this country. The genetic diversity of malaria parasites is the main problem in understanding several aspects of malaria infections and the dynamics of their transmission, which also play a role in the development of a vaccine. Plasmodium falciparum is the deadliest of the human malaria parasites. Plasmodium falciparum glutamate-rich protein (Pfglurp) is one of the many erythrocytic stages antigens currently under development for a vaccine. The Pfglurp gene has
been extensively used as a marker to investigate the genetic diversity, Multiplicity of Infection (MOI), the level of malaria transmission, immunity against malaria, as well as a discriminatory instrument to distinguish new from recrudescent infections of the field parasite population. Thus, this genotyping study aimed to find out the genetic population of P.falciparum at the Merauke District, Province of Papua, Indonesia. DNA samples were isolated from Dried Blood Spots (DBS) obtained from P.falciparum infected patients in the Regional Public Hospital of Merauke, Province of Papua, Indonesia
during May 2019-July 2019. The isolated DNAs were then amplified for nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) prior to Pfglurp genotyping. The glurp gene was identified in all 51 DBS samples of P.falciparum-infected patients, and 18 variants of allele were found. Among them, 45.10% were found to bear multigenotype infections. The size of the dominant allele (12.5%) was 701-750 bp. The MOI was 1.58. The genetic population of P.falciparum in Merauke Hospital has contained a higher percentage of multigenotypes compared with monogenotypes indicating the high transmission of malaria in the studied area.
Downloads
References
Shinta S, Marjana P. Distribusi dan perilaku vektor malaria di Kabupaten Merauke, Papua. Buletin
Penelitian Kesehatan, 2016; 43(4): 219-230.
Surjadjaja C, Surya A, Baird JK. Epidemiology of Plasmodium vivax in Indonesia. American Journal of
Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2016; 95(69): 121-132.
WHO. Indonesia South-East Asia region-malaria p r o f i l e . P u b l i s h e d 2 0 1 8 . A v a i l a b l e f r o m : https://www.who.int/malaria/publications/countryprofiles/profile_idn_en.pdf?ua=1 (accessed 20 August, 2020).
Kemp DJ, Cowman AF, Walliker D. Genetic Diversity in Plasmodium falciparum. Advances in Parasitology, 1990; 29: 75-149.
Kidima W, Nkwengulila G. Multiplicity of infections among children under five years with uncomplicated malaria in Kibaha, Tanzania. Journal of Parasitology Research, 2015; 2015: 1-6.
Sillehu S, Arwati H, Dachlan YP, Keman S. Genetic polymorphism of Plasmodium falciparum merozoite
surface protein-1 (Pfmsp-1) in closed and opened community at South Buru District, Maluku Province.
Dama Int J Res, 2016; 1(9): 1-4.
Kumar D, Dhiman S, Rabha B, Goswami D, Deka M, et al. Genetic polymorphism and amino acid sequence variation in Plasmodium falciparum glurp R2 repeat region in Assam, India, at an interval of five years. Malar J, 2014; 13(1): 1-8.
Patel P, Bharti PK, Bansal D, Raman RK, Mohapatra PK, et al. Genetic diversity and antibody responses against Plasmodium falciparum vaccine candidate genes from Chhattisgarh, Central India: Implication for vaccine development. PLos One, 2017; 12(8): 1-17.
Kaur H, Sehgal R, Goyal K, Makkar N, Yadav R, et al. Genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum
merozoite surface protein-1 (block 2), glutamate-rich protein and sexual stage antigen Pfs25 from
Chandigarh, North India. Trop Med Int Heal, 2017; 22(12): 1590-1598.
Abamecha A, El-Abid H, Yilma D, Addisu D, Ibenthal A, et al. Genetic diversity and genotype multiplicity of Plasmodium falciparum infection in patients with uncomplicated malaria in Chewaka district, Ethiopia. Malar J, 2020; 19(1): 1-9.
Zhou X, Huang JL, Njuabe MT, Li SG, Chen JH, et al. A molecular survey of febrile cases in malaria-endemic areas along China-Myanmar border in Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China. Parasite, 2014; 21(27): 1-8.
Razak MRMA, Sastu UR, Norahmad NA, Abdu-Karim A, Muhammad A, et al. Genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum populations in malaria declining areas of Sabah, East Malaysia. PLos One, 2016; 11(3): 1-22.
Soe TN, Wu Y, Tun MW,Xu X, Hu Y, et al. Genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum populations in
Southeast and Western Myanmar. Parasit Vectors, 2017; 10(1): 322.
Amin M Al, Juniati D. Klasifikasi kelompok umur manusia berdasarkan analisis dimensi fraktal box
counting dari citra wajah dengan deteksi Tepi Canny. J Ilm Mat, 2017; 2(6): 1-10.
Mwingira F, Nkwengulila G, Schoepflin S, Sumari D, Beck H, et al. Plasmodium falciparum msp1, msp2 and glurp allele frequency and diversity in sub-Saharan Africa. Malar J, 2011; 10(1): 1-10.
Maestre A, Arango E, Carmona-Fonseca J. Status of allele frequency and diversity of Plasmodium
falciparum msp1, msp2 and glurp before implementation of an Artemisinin-based combined
therapy in Northwestern Colombia. Colomb Med, 2013; 44(4): 208-212.
Aziz R, Kurniawan B, Mutiara H, Suwandi JF. Identifikasi gen Plasmodium falciparum glutamate rich protein (Pfglurp) dari penderita malaria di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Hanura Kabupaten Pesawaran Provinsi Lampung. J Major, 2018; 7(2): 108-111.
Mau F, Murhandarwati EEH. Keragaman genetik dari msp 1, msp 2, dan glurp pada Plasmodium falciparum di Kabupaten Sumba Tengah, Nusa Tenggara Timur. Bul Penelit Kesehat, 2016; 44(2): 77-84.
Handayani S, Salwati E, Tjitra E. Keragaman genetik petanda P.falciparum dari specimen subyek penelitian monitoring Dihiroartemisini-Piperrakuin di Kalimantan dan Sulawesi. Media Penelit dan Pengemb Kesehat, 2012; 22(3): 120-130.
Funwei RI, Thomas BN, Falade CO, Ojurongbe O. Extensive diversity in the allelic frequency of
Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface proteins and glutamate-rich protein in rural and urban settings of Southwestern Nigeria. Malar J, 2018; 17(1): 1-8.
Gosi P, Lanteri CA, Tyner SD, Se Y, Lon C, et al. Evaluation of parasite sub-populations and genetic
diversity of the msp1, msp2 and glurp genes during and following artesunate monotherapy treatment of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Western Cambodia. Malar J, 2013; 12(1): 403.
Paul REL, Hackford I, Brockman A, Muller-Graf C, Price R, et al. Transmission intensity and Plasmodium falciparum diversity on the Northwestern border of Thailand. Am J Trop Med Hyg, 1998; 58(2): 195-203.
Congpuong K, Sukaram R, Prompan Y, Dornae A. diversity of the msp-1, msp-2, and glurp genes of
Plasmodium falciparum isolates along the Thai-Myanmar borders genetic. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed, 2014; 4(8): 598-602.
T o u r é F S , O u w e - M i s s i - O u k e m - B o y e r O , Mezui-Me-Ndong J, Ndong-Atome GR, Bisvigou U, et al. Cytoadherence and genotype of Plasmodium falciparum strains from symptomatic children in Franceville, Southeastern Gabon. Clin Med Res, 2007; 5(2): 106-113.
Pratt-Riccio LR, Perce-da-Silva D de S, Lima-Junior J da C, Theisen M, Santos F, et al. Genetic polymorphisms in the glutamate-rich protein of Plasmodium falciparum field isolates from a malaria-endemic area of Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, 2013; 108(4): 523-528.
Downloads
Submitted
Accepted
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.